Cheat Engine

FirePhoenix · Posted: Sat Feb 28, 2009 9:32 pm Post subject: C++ Question

Sorry if this a noobie question but I'm trying to learn how to code programs in C++, and while reading the guide about Variables and Data Types the guide gives an example of what a computer does when it's processing variables. So they give this example:

a = 5;
b = 2;
a = a + 1;
result = a - b;

I understand that example, so I created my own because it gives me a sense of achievement in continuing because I understand it's a complex language. So I just want some clarification on whether my example is correct or not.

Piss = 8;
Crap = 5;
Crap = Crap - 2;
Lick = Piss + Crap;

I also have another question I don't understand how the sizes are determined for characters and integers so if someone could explain it differently than the guide that would be great.

oib111 · Posted: Sat Feb 28, 2009 10:02 pm Post subject:

You mean how integers are 4-bytes, characters are 1-byte, and etc? Integers are meant to be able to hold all whole number values up to 4,294,967,295. 4,294,967,295 is 32-bits, or 4-bytes. Character variables are meant to hold a single character (duh lol), which only takes up 1-byte of memory.

FirePhoenix · Posted: Sat Feb 28, 2009 10:09 pm Post subject:

kitterz · Posted: Sat Feb 28, 2009 10:13 pm Post subject:

FirePhoenix · Posted: Sat Feb 28, 2009 10:22 pm Post subject:

kitterz · Posted: Sat Feb 28, 2009 10:32 pm Post subject:

FirePhoenix · Posted: Sat Feb 28, 2009 10:34 pm Post subject:

kitterz · Posted: Sat Feb 28, 2009 10:34 pm Post subject:

FirePhoenix · Posted: Sat Feb 28, 2009 10:36 pm Post subject:

Ok now what would be a example for bool and float? Btw thanks for sticking around with me I know I'm a noob but I appropriate your help a lot thanks.

kitterz · Posted: Sat Feb 28, 2009 10:49 pm Post subject:

FirePhoenix · Posted: Sat Feb 28, 2009 10:56 pm Post subject:

HalfPrime · Posted: Sat Feb 28, 2009 11:39 pm Post subject:

Finally, someone learning programming the RIGHT way. If you're having a lot of little questions, you can also hop on IRC and they'll probably help you out.

`unknown · Posted: Sun Mar 01, 2009 1:13 am Post subject:

Also note that some data types have limits, such as all assortments of int's (±2^15-1 for signed short, +2^16-1 for unsigned, etc.) Keep that in mind when selecting a data type.

Edit: Oh and don't forget you can include operations in your assignment code like this (using your example, but re-written):

pkedpker · Posted: Sun Mar 01, 2009 2:22 am Post subject:

everything in C/c++ starts from a byte unsigned I believe which can hold only 0 as the lowest number and 255 as the highest now if you sign it.. aka

signed byte test;

now it will hold half the highest value 127.. but now you have the ability to hold below the lowest number of 0.. which will be now -127 (negative) and 0 as well..

now the other datatypes WORD/DWORD/QWORD aka short/int/long

are just like that byte.. but word is 2 bytes dword is WORD doubled.. thats what the d means.. so double the word is 4 bytes and qword is quadruple the word which means 8 bytes of course

now a byte is just a bunch of switches which work similar to booleans.. (bool datatype in c/c++) which can only hold 1 or 0 and in most cases the 1 is called TRUE and 0 is called FALSE.

now how is a byte a bunch of booleans? well it is.. if you keep thinking about it.. a byte is a series of doublers.. and a doubler of bytes is the same process but on a macro level.. now if you think on a lower level the micro level the doublers work like this..

starts from the smallest number possible well not 0.. but 1 and keeps doubling

1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256

there you go..

now a byte is also called 8 bits what are bits? thats what makes up bytes and those are the doublers which can create any number from 0 to 255 unsigned.

like lets say

1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128
are a bunch of on/off switches (transistors/some kind of memory cell)

now lets make em all 0's (off/FALSE)

1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

say

101011 now lets see what it means..

1+4+16+32 = 53

yup and 101011 is binary for the number 53 in byte mode.

and of course if you add em all on

11111111
1+2+4+8+16+32+64+128 = 255 (max value for byte)

now double bytes aka WORD aka SHORT has a value of 2 bytes

so if you keep doing the combination..

1+2+4+8+16+32+64+128 (repeat it 8 more times since a byte is 8 bits)

1+2+4+8+16+32+64+128+256+512+1024+2048+4096+8192+16384+32768

also notice how signed byte max value is the final bit? 128..
also notice how signed word (short) max value is also final bit.. 32768

and of course if you add up

256+512+1024+2048+4096+8192+16384+32768 = 65,535 (unless i screwed up).

anyways you have to learn all these basics and hardcode them into your mind if you want to get anywhere in programming in your life.

just changing these numbers around made mostly everything in programming we know today.

killersamurai · Posted: Sun Mar 01, 2009 2:31 pm Post subject:

Actually, everything starts off as signed. That means that the last bit is the signed bit.